Что будет, если дать нищему Lexus LS 430?
The Lexus LS Japanese レ ク サ ス LS Rekusasu LS is a segment full-size luxury car F in Europe for Lexus flagship luxury division of Toyota for the first four generations, all LS models feature the V8 engines and were mainly against the drive wheels with Lexus also offers hybrid all-wheel drive and long wheelbase variants the fifth generation changed with a V6 engine with V8 option.
As the first model developed by Lexus, the 400 LS debuted in January 1989 with the second generation debuted in November 1994 LS 430 debuted in January 2000 and the series LS 460 LS 460 L in 2006 A version in the domestic market of the LS 400 and LS 430, badged as Toyota Japanese CELSIOR ト ヨ タ セ ル シ オ Toyota Serushio was sold in Japan until the Lexus brand was introduced in 2006 it in 2006 for the 2007 model year, the fourth generation LS 460 debuted the first production eight-speed automatic transmission and an automatic parking system in 2007, the V8 hybrid powertrains were introduced in the LS 600h sedan LS 600h L.
LS Development began in 1983 as F1 project, the code name for a secret flagship sedan The resulting sedan followed a five-year design process extended at a cost of over 1 billion US, and was created with a new V8 engine and many luxury features the Lexus LS was designed from its inception to the export market, and the Lexus division was created to market and vehicle service internationally LS original 400 debuted strong sales, and was largely responsible for the successful launch of the Lexus brand.
Since the start of production, each generation of the Lexus LS was manufactured in the Japanese city of Tahara, Aichi Name LS luxury sedan Lexus means 1 Some importers use backronymic name, Luxury Saloon 2.
In August 1983, President Toyoda Eiji Toyota launched the F1 Flagship project and 1 vehicle; alternately called the Circle-F project, as a clandestine effort to produce a world-class luxury sedan for international markets 3 4 F1 development effort has not been a lack of budget or specific time, the resulting vehicle did not use the existing platforms Toyota parts 5 or 6 instead of this, chief engineer Ichiro Suzuki sought to develop a new design, in order to surpass rival American and European flagship sedans specific target areas, including aerodynamics quiet cabin overall speed and efficiency 7 during development, the 60 designers with 1400 engineers in 24 teams, 2,300 technicians and 200 support workers 8 built about 450 flagship prototypes and 900 engine prototypes 9 teams logged 7000000 km 2 1 7 million miles of testing on sites ranging from winter road to Europe, the d éserts Arizona Australia and Saudi Arabia to US highways and wilderness zones 10. 11
In May 1985, designers began working on the F1 project in late 1985, designers have introduced the first outdoor models to study the management of F1, with a sports car design -as a low hood and profile before close 12 in 1986, the sedan used a design with three box with a vertical position, the larger grille and a body two-tone 12 extended modeling and wind tunnel testing has resulted in a low drag coefficient for a classic vehicle production time C n 0 29 13 for the passenger cabin, the tests evaluated material selection of 24 different types of wood and various types of leather for two years before settling on specific combinations of finish 14 1986, the Lexus brand has been created to support the launch of the flagship sedan, 15 and the vehicle became known as the Lexus LS 10 After eight magazines concepti we, later revisions, approved concept in September 1986 and more than 1 billion US in development costs, the final design for the production Lexus LS 400 chassis code UCF10 wa s frozen in May 1987 with design patents filed May 13 1987 September 16, 17.
In January 1989, the LS 400 debuted as a 1990 model at the International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan 18 sales in the United States began in September 1989 followed by limited exports to Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom 19 400 LS s new 4 0 liters 1UZ-FE V8 engine 32 valves, capable of 190 kilowatts to 250 hp and 353 Nm 260 ft torque lbf, 20 was linked to a new four-speed automatic transmission with ECT-i changes electronically controlled, super-speed torque converter and the rear differential 21 used an independent frame configuration, a double wishbone suspension, 22 and a passive air suspension system was optional LS 23 400 0 100 s km / h 62 mph time was 8 5 seconds and its top speed was 250 km h 155 mph 24 relative to the target rival BMW E32 735i and Mercedes-Benz W126 400 SL 420 sE had a cabin quieter, with 58 dB at 100 km h 62 mph; a top speed; a lower drag coefficient and reduce weight; and avoided the U S Gas Guzzler tax 25 26 27 At its introduction in 1989, he won the Car of the Year Japan.
The LS 400 was among the first luxury sedans to have a tilt and telescopic automatic electric seat belt wheel airbag adjustable shoulder SRS and an electrochromic mirror 28, the cab 29 to five places included California walnut and border leather, adjustable soft seats also touch control an array of electro-luminescent edge backlit holographic visual effect, with indicator lights projected onto the dashboard 28 30 the memory system stored driver's seat, exterior mirrors, steering wheel and luxury options seatbelt positions available include a premium Nakamichi audio system and an integrated cell phone with speakerphone capability 21 31 32 the LS 400 also contains some 300 technological innovations to facilitate the proper functioning and silence, 21 including amortized cabin equipment liquid sor 33 supports rubber vibration isolation, 34 airflow fairings 35 and sandwich steel body panels 34.
In Japan, the launch of Lexus was complicated by Toyota four existing national distribution networks at the time of its introduction 36 Toyota Crown and Toyota Century were exclusive to Toyota places Store 37 During the development of the LS 400, requests local dealers for a domestic release Japanese rose, 12 and a straight-drive version of Toyota Celsior-badged was introduced shortly after the beginning of LS 400 US and introduced October 9, 1989 and available only to places Toyopet store 38 the CELSIOR, the Latin name Supreme word, is largely identical to the LS 38 models come in two basic a, improved suspension B or fully equipped trim specifications C 39 Crown and Majesta Crown that appeared later in 1991, were available at Toyota store locations wearing only Japanese luxury models from Toyota, as the century 37 in the Celsior duced twin-tube dampers first two times world high performance air suspension combined with upgra ded version of Toyota electronic semi-active dampers Modulated Suspension Toyota called Piezo TEMS 40 It was ahead of its time, Mercedes-Benz introduced a similar air suspension with electronic control on the 1999 Mercedes-Benz S-Class W220 Airmatic.
Adding incentive for sales to top U S has a base price of 35,000 US competitors against undercut by thousands of dollars and 41 charges of selling BMW rival 21 loss.
In December 1989, shortly after the 400 LS launch, Lexus ordered a voluntary recall of 8,000 vehicles sold to date, based on two customer complaints about faulty wiring and an overheated brake light All vehicles have been serviced within 20 days, and the incident helped establish the reputation of Lexus customer service 21 42 43 in 1990, US sales of the LS 400 had surpassed those of competing models BMW Mercedes-Benz and Jaguar production of the first 44 generation LS 400 total more than 165,000 units in 45 years after its introduction, the LS 400 has remained a reliable choice for a used car by Consumer Reports 2007 list of recommended vehicles that regularly last 200000 320000 km half or more, with a 46 good maintenance.
Debuting in September 1992 as a 1993 model, refreshed LS 400 designed by 1991 was introduced more than 50 changes, largely in response to customer requests and distributor 47. The vehicle received bigger wheel disc brakes and tires and adjustments were made to the suspension and steering to improve handling 48 Stylistic changes included additional body side moldings and a revised scheme, as well as a greater selection of colors 48 within a standard front passenger airbag first production car produced by Toyota series provided with front passenger airbag, a 49 external temperature gauge, seat belt pretensioners digital odometer and chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant -Free were added 48 50 1992, Celsior ® introduced to the world the first GPS navigation system with in 51 vocal structions supplied by Aisin 52 in 1994, the LS 400 of the US base price of US exceeded 50,000 a figure that has risen steadily since the introduction of the vehicle to the customer demand for one of vehicles fluctuations in exchange rates contributed to the price increases 53 the growing popularity of LS internationally is an advantage for Toyota, Japan entered a recession in 1991, which later became that we called the collapse of the prices of Japanese economic bubble bubble assets or production of first generation LS ended in September 1994 to make way for the production of second-generation model in October.
The second generation of Lexus LS 400 UCF20 debuted in November 1994 for the 1995 model year with a longer wheelbase and similar specifications as the original model The vehicle public unveiling took place at a gala ceremony at the Opera of San Francisco, California 54 sedan was equipped with update 4 0 liter V8 engine 1UZ-FE, producing 194 kilowatts 260 hp and 366 Nm 270 lbf ft torque 55 domestic, in 90 the LS 400 reshaped composition was new or revamped, 55 with acoustic isolation increase a reinforced body structure, suspension modified LS Celsior first adaptive computerized pneumatic suspension Skyhook 56 and upgraded brakes 55 the model was redesigned 95 kg 209 lb lighter than its predecessor and performed slightly better fuel economy 55 The 0 100 km / h 62 mph time improved 57 7 5 seconds.
The development of the second generation LS 400 began after the global launch of the first generation under the 250T program code 58 Given the successful reception first generation model and a high level of customer satisfaction thanks to its design, mimicking the attributes the original 400 LS with his successor was one chief engineer Kazuo Okamoto its main goals, he said that the tradition can be established if you reject the first generation 59 Externally, the biggest change was an increase in the length of the wheelbase of 36 mm 1 4, resulting in more interior space and an additional amount of 66 mm 2 6 rear seat legs 55 However, as the total length remains the same, the capacity of Safety was slightly reduced more aerodynamic body 55 C n 28 0's statistics and the general contours of the original LS 400 48 59 and e ty the work of design research center Calty US 59 designers evaluated 20 competing concepts, many with a drastically changed body 59 before selecting a winning entry in 1991 which included forms and similar contours LS original 400 59 once final approval in 1992, a new conception of evolution is the final result, with new design features composed of sharper angles, lines body curves, and gate beveled 60 More important secondary lines have provided a point of reference for parking maneuvers, and the forward visibility has been improved 60 developing production lasted from 1991 until completion in the second quarter of 1994 58 59 61.
LS redesigned 400 inner scored enhanced functionality, ranging from climate controls two rear cupholders zones 48 A recently patented seat cushion design, similar to the suspension of the car, used springs lightweight internal coil and stabilizer bars for improved comfort 55 an early CD changer in the dashboard was optional 55 security enhancements included enlarged crumple zones seatbelts three points at any position, and a new column telescoping steering 55 in Japan, the equivalent Toyota CELSIOR were offered in the same a, B, and as before high spec configurations C and an additional selection of 62 exterior colors Several optional features, such as a system of navigation system global positioning GPS on CD and reclining rear seats, underpins nt available only in Japan 63.
In his US debut, the redesigned LS 400 retains a price advantage over its European competitors in its largest market, the launch of a base price of 51,000 55 However, the cost differences had decreased following a more aggressive pricing and added feature content of 59 competing manufacturers promote their new flagship, Lexus has launched a $ 50 million advertising campaign, the most expensive marketing effort since the launch of the 59 division in mid-1995, sales slowed as US government threatened tariffs on Japanese luxury cars in the United States widening trade deficit -Japan potentially increase the price of property optioned LS 400 to over 100,000 64 subsequent negotiations avoided the second quarter of this year sanctions and sales recovered in the following months 64 ultimately, the second generation LS 400 sales do so nt not as bulky as the original model; 59 production totaled about 114 000 units 45.
Production of UCF20 ran from October 1994 to July 1997 for 1997 was produced a limited edition Coach LS 400 in partnership with the American leather manufacturer Coach Inc. The edition featured Coach leather seats; embroidered emblems on the outside, floormats, and the armrest; Special colors and rants fittings; and a production coach cabin bag has been limited to an annual race 2500 units 65.
Designed by the beginning of 1996, in September 1997, a revised LS 400 was introduced to the changes in the model year 1998 have been an automatic five-speed transmission, increased engine power to 216 kilowatts 290 hp, with variable valve timing VVT-i valves, and added 41 N m 30 ft lbf torque 48 times the acceleration and fuel economy have been improved due to 48 the suspension and steering also received minor modifications to improve feel and handling 66 style, the vehicle struck a new front fascia, side mirrors, and updated wheels; 48 a rear window diversity antenna replaced the conventional power mast 66 of the received updates cabin including a HomeLink the board computer of the liftable headrest rear, reading lamps, and ultraviolet glass -tinted 66 while controlling the temperature gained a micron filtration function with a smog sensor.
In August 1997, the first regulator laser adaptive cruise generation of Toyota vehicles was introduced in version Japan only 67 Celsior 68 It speed controlled by the throttle and downshifting, but not the brakes because of the 69 limitations of laser technology it off in bad weather.
A CD-ROM-based automotive GPS navigation system has become an option in the control vehicle stability Front airbags safety devices Added United States included, in 2000, Brake Assist 48 crossing Introduces HID Headlights headlights are also equipped with a function programmable delay illumination close to 48 in February 2000, the limited edition Platinum LS 400 was introduced at the Chicago Auto Show in partnership with American Express edition features the most standard luxury options, and separate exterior colors, wheels, badging, and two years without charges for using a card American Express Platinum 70 71.
The third generation of Lexus LS 430 UCF30 debuted at the International North American Auto Show in January 2000 as a 2001 model, the introduction of a new body design with a host of new interior features and technology.
It was the first US market with Lexus Adaptive Cruise Control called dynamic speed control laser 72 73 It uses a lidar sensor and unlike laser ACC introduced in 1997 on the Celsior could activate the brakes for deceleration 69 However, due to limitations of laser technology, it would disable the wrong time.
The inner pipe is fitted with a new 4-3 liters 3UZ-FE engine generating 216 kilowatts 290 hp and 434 N m 320 ft lbf torque 48 LS 430 is one of the first vehicles V8 gasoline be certified as ultra emissions low ULEV vehicle 74 The standard suspension had been completely redesigned with a double triangle four-wheeled configuration; a Euro-adjusted suspension was proposed for the first time 48 A new couple electronic control unit activated by method to throttle adjustments based on the vehicle speed, engine speed by the position of the minute and the pedal 72 LS 430 brought an acceleration time from 0 to 100 km h 62 mph 6 7 seconds 75 sales began in October 2000 in the United States 76.
Heading into the planning of the LS 430, the leaders of the division concluded that the previous LS redesign had been too successful in his approach 59 The development team LS 430, led by the Chief Engineer Yasushi Tanaka, 77 accordingly opted for a more complete exterior, interior, and technological redevelopment development of the LS 430 has four 78 selected from 16 different conceptual models, the vehicle resulting from December 1997, when the final design Akihiro Nagaya was approved saw the sedan's dimensions increase in terms of wheelbase and height 72 79 outside exhibited greater grid with rounded edges, quarter windows on the rear doors and rounded trapezoidal headlamps the body is also more aerodynamic than previous sedans LS C of 0 26; 0 25 with the air suspension, and 76 is the product of the wind tunnel test in facilities used for the development of the Shinkansen high speed train 79 A 76 0 3 millimeters in wheelbase stretching resulted in the interior volume and more allowed the engine to be positioned further back for better balance 80 space trunk was increased by one third due to repositioning of the fuel tank 48.
Compared to previous generations, the LS 430 featured a greater number of model configurations and options 81 While sharing the same body style, variants were differentiated by the configuration of the chassis and onboard equipment models with the suspension Euro-tuned sport, sold as the Touring package in the US 73 presented more, high speed brakes 33 These brakes are also standard on the European market 33 fully optioned models with adjustable air suspension height to listening to a combination of smooth ride and excellent handling, were sold in the US as luxury Ultra edition 73.
The LS 430 inside presented walnut wood trim on the dashboard and the upper doors, as well as semi-aniline leather and oscillating air conditioning vents 72 76.
The GPS navigation system has been completely redesigned An LCD touch screen on the upper first served LS interface center console with voice control system first navigation with DVD instead of CD ROM cards on a luxury sedan .
Introduced a premium Mark Levinson audio system 72 73 In its highest finish specification, the LS 430 included telematics Lexus Link, electric door and closes the trunk, heated and cooled front seats and power reclining rear seats with massage equipped with controls audio, electric sunshade, cooler and air purifier 48 76 Several features rear seat adopted for the 430 LS had been previously available in luxury vehicles in the Japanese market 81 security features added to the rain wipers detection sensors park side curtain airbags front and rear 430 LS included and electronic distribution of braking the vehicle 48 also won the repellent windshield and side window 48.
The LS 430 first put on sale in the US with an initial base of 55,000, up to 70,000 when fully equipped 76 At high-end, the price of the LS 430 encroached on its European rivals Lexus become increasingly able to order more premium prices for its vehicles sales for the 28 LS 430 has exceeded the previous generation, and the production exceeded 140,000 units 45 LS 430 was produced until July 2006, marking the last time the flagship Lexus was produced in one body style in Japan, the equivalent Toyota Celsior was also sold from August 2000 to March 2006, the long awaited introduction of Lexus in Japan saw the arrival a new generation of Lexus models XF30 82 design patents were filed by Toyota in domestic Japan, March 8, 1999 at the Japanese Patent office as patent number 1,080,448.
Each year of production, the LS 430 luxury sedan most reliable in the JD Power and Associates survey of initial quality of early and late models in the most efficient series, 83 84 85 and recorded the best scorer in the history JD Survey reliability of power 86 vehicles Thatcham ratings data through repair of motor insurance in the UK research Center has listed the flight capabilities of preventing the LS 430 as a maximum 5 stars, with the LS 430 is the first car to get the maximum score of theft-deterrent 2001 87 88.
Designed by the beginning of 2002, the LS 430 update was launched in September 2003 as a 2004 model.
The first radar instead of previous lidar sensor on a Lexus sedan helped the new dynamic Radar Cruise Control to work in all weather conditions The millimeter-wave radar technology has also enabled the first Pre-Collision System PCS on a Lexus sedan partial autonomous braking only the Japanese market Toyota Celsior version 69 a low-speed tracking mode was added in 2004 the 69 low-speed tracking mode was a second mode that alerts the driver if the car stopped before and ensure braking ; he could stop the car but off 89.
Filing a new six-speed automatic transmission and a revised style 90 The engine remained the same before any exterior changes included redesigned front and rear, LED light emitting diode tail lights and 90 different wheels.
He started the first discharge headlights high intensity Lexus for high bi-xenon beam, and also the first headlight of the AFS adaptation curve which rotated projection headlights in the direction of vehicle running.
The interior received knee airbags courtesy rear seats mirror lights, and new trim selections, including maple spotted 48 new options include a navigation system updated, Bluetooth and a backup camera One element programmable electronic key driver allowed the vehicle to detect the key ring in the pocket of the owner and unlock the doors by touching 91.
Development on the fourth generation LS began in 2001 under 250L program code with the design process is under Yo Hiruta from 2002 to late 2003, with the design of the final output being frozen in 2004 92 94 95 October 2005, Lexus created a gasoline-electric hybrid concept car at the Tokyo Motor LF-Sh-hybrid Lexus Future Sedan View 96 publicly preview the next flagship Lexus with a concept version for the first time introduced in January 2006 iNTERNATIONAL auto North US for the 2007 model year, the fourth generation Lexus LS became the first Lexus model to be produced in both standard versions and long wheelbase with an all new platform 97 98 LS 460 USF40 uses the standard 2969 116 9 mm in the wheelbase, while the LS 460 l USF41 has a stretched 3091 mm wheelbase 121 7 99 fourth-generation models technical specifications were presented in more detail at the Geneva Motor Show in February 2006 100 a hybrid LS 600h the UVF46 was PREVI ewed at the New York International Auto Show in April 2006 101 At its introduction in 2006, he won the car the year in Japan for the second time.
The LS 460 and LS 460 L are both provided with a new 4-6 liters 1UR-FSE V8 producing 283 kilowatts 380 hp and 498 N m 367 ft lbf torque, 99 102 coupled to the first output automatic eight-speed transmission 103 acceleration from 0 to 100 km h 62 mph is quoted to 5 seconds 104 7.
The development of the LS 460 and its variants, headed by the chief engineer Moritaka Yoshida, 105 began as Lexus was shifting its design strategy to a more diverse range of products, with 106 new vehicle launches largely focused on 106 global markets Plans called for the next -generation LS to further differentiate beyond the previous models in terms of design and technology 102 a super model LS, a higher price in the United States 100 000 ultra-luxury category, 107 was also considered 106 Outwardly, the Lexus LS received the styling cues of the new Lexus design direction called l-fineness 108 First located on the LF-Sh concept, the vehicle gained body shapes over the length of the car, the chrome arrow wheel arch liner shaped, a bottom-gate assembly, and crystalline adaptive headlights 108.
The display of the transistor within 460 LS instrument won a first thin film pushbutton, and numerous luxury options, ranging from a GPS navigation system hard disk drive and a song library to a flywheel heating and XM NavTraffic 99 standard equipment included power driver 16-way and 12-way front passenger seats with lumbar adjustment, heated seats, leather upholstery, premium audio system, power moonroof, and pass-through trunk 99 the climate control offered the first temperature sensors of the infrared body in an automobile; He also presented ceiling air diffusers 109 A set of management on the LS 460 L includes a rear-seat DVD entertainment system, swivel tablet, and shiatsu massage seat ottoman 99,110.
The long wheelbase, 2006 2009 Lexus LS 460 L USF41.
It was the first LS Controlled Continuous Adaptive Variable Suspension AVS Adding an automatic parallel parking assist function, the first of its kind in the United States allowed the LS 460 heading into parking spaces preselected 111 General assisting drive included a -hold brake system, radar cruise control, the variable electric power steering gear ratio and electronically controlled brake 99 again stability control system has been improved to provide shoes and change power steering and gear ratios result of new comprehensive security functionality from tracking the eye-monitoring system driver for an output warning system path 112 113 the pre-crash system has added the first output image processing chip in a vehicle capable of identifying the vehi cles and pedestrians in real time, 114 115 as well as millimeter radar stereo cameras wavelength, and infrared night vision projectors 114 At the back of the pre-crash system with active headrest stroke whiplash -preventing and two front-chamber rbags AI has also been introduced 112,116.
The 460 and LS 460 L LS arrived at dealerships in Japan, the United States and Europe at the end of 2006, 117 and the vehicle has reached Australia, East Asia and the Middle East in 2007 118 the base of the United States for 2007 LS 460 and LS 460 l were 61,000 and US 71000, respectively 110 in 2006 and 2007, the average price paid for sedans in the US market LS 460 l exceeded 80,000, in large partly through additional packages options, placing the Lexus LS in the same medium price range and long -wheelbase BMW Audi and Jaguar rivals for the first time 110.
After its debut a hybrid powertrain with the LF-Sh concept in 2005, Lexus began selling the LS 600h L UVF46, the first full hybrid V8 engine producing 119 in May 2007 for the 2008 model year along wheelbase LS 600h L is equipped with Lexus hybrid drive having an engine 5 battery 0 liters 2UR-FSE V8 coupled to an electric motor with high yield nickel metal hydride packs 105 This system uses a continuously variable transmission and generates one of 327 kilowatts output 439 hp 105 fuel economy is slightly higher overall than the non-hybrid LS lower power, and hybrid obtain a US super ultra low emission vehicle rating of SULEV 120,121 specific characteristics of LS hybrids include the first low beam headlights LED production of an array of leather-trimmed rim and tinted blue hybrid badging 101 in April 2007, Lexus announced that the base price for the LS 600h would be 104,000, surpassing the 122 V12 -Equipped Toyota Century as the Japanese car the most expensive ever produced luxury of 122 A standard wheelbase for for Asia and the Europe, the LS 600h UVF45, was launched in Japan in May 2007 123 the first 100 LS 600h L sedans sold in the United States were offered as Lancer edition via Neiman Marcus catalog for the inscribed circle 124 members.
In 2008, all-wheel versions wheels of the non-hybrid LS 460 USF45 and LS 460 L USF46 first models at the Moscow International Exhibition See 125 Debuting at Pebble Beach in 2008 of Elegance Contest 126 LS 600h L Limited Pebble Beach Edition 50 units, was produced in partnership with the Company Pebble Beach 127 Lexus LS 460 specialty was installed as a driving simulator Toyota Higashifuji technical Center in Shizuoka, Japan for automotive safety testing, 128 and 2009 for intelligent transport systems Tokyo ITS-safety exhibition, the LS 460 ITS-safety concept was unveiled showing the route to vehicle and vehicle to vehicle information 129 exchange technologies.
Debuting in late 2009 for the 2010 model year, the revised LS 460 and LS 460 L included restyled front and rear, side, new wheel designs mirror turn signals 130 new technologies included automatic headlights beam and a layer transparent self-repair to exterior paint 131 132 standard cabin received chrome trim, a DVD entertainment system optional rear center armrest and in some markets, an array of fully digital instrument panel with night vision capability the 130 LS 460 Sport performance variant equipped with a sport in air suspension listening Brembo brakes, forged wheels, body kit shifters and a single internal was added 130 131 sport model received sport Direct shift transmission, which is also found in the iS F with downshift rev Matching capacity and manual mode 133 new pr Interior customization ogramme, L-Select, also became available to customers in Japan LS 130.
Lexus has released an official photo of his XF40 series redecorated July 2012 major update includes the new fascia Lexus business, including the spindle grille and consequently sees mounting a redesigned bonnet, redesigned front fenders and headlights and a new bumper style 134 These revisions see the maintenance of the side profile and doors, including the rear wings thus, the newly designed tail-lamps, trunk lid and rear bumper are partially modified for the first time, an F-Sport variant is completely Nano technology is used in the air conditioning system 20 where ions 50 nm are bonded to water molecules 135 136.
Developed under the 200B program, the fifth generation LS debuted in January 2017 North American International Auto Show 139 140 This model was previewed by the LF-FC concept that was first shown at the Tokyo Motor Show 2015 141 dubbed the LS 500 is the first LS to be powered by a V6 engine May 3 liters product V6 bi-turbo 309 kilowatts 415 hp and 600 Nm 440 lb-ft of torque wheelbase is 33 mm 1 3 more by the previous model the height is 15 mm 0 6 below, with the hood and trunk measuring 30 and 40 mm and 1 2 1 6 at the bottom, respectively 138.
In some first Lexus, the fifth generation Lexus LS sedan is the first to present a window design with six sides, while flush surface windows integrate smoothly with the pillars in the company's efforts to reconcile two contradictory objectives, a sufficient margin with a low roof line, the new LS employs an outer sliding roof-opening type instead of the conventional internal retraction element 138.
The fifth generation LS also features 3D surround sound Mark Levinson audio with speakers panel ceiling the next generation infotainment remote touch interface called Lexus Enform is said to be designed to mimic the operation of the smartphone with support for handwritten input Besides the 12 3-inch navigation screen, the fifth generation LS can be specified with 24-inch option, the HUD color for the vision of the driver 138 the fifth generation LS will be launched in Japan in late 2017 and globally in early 2018.
The Lexus LS has been produced on the Lexus assembly lines dedicated to the flagship Toyota Tahara plant, 142 located in the city of Tahara, Aichi Prefecture Chubu Region southwest of Nagoya since 1989 102 143 Tahara remains the single production site, after having opened the new line number four specifically for the assembly of the LS 400 144 original.
For the Lexus LS, the Tahara factory has developed new molds and assembly techniques improved 145 146 and implemented measures to increase the accuracy of the shape of the sedan and finish 18 1989 LS 400 has become the first production car to receive a wide laser welding 145 147 allows for the seamless steel welds 146 a large press of the sheet has been developed to reduce or eliminate the shortcomings of the panel by stamping large sections together instead of isolated 146 separately installed parts, such as the external lights, have also been spring loaded for a tighter fit 147 on the 400 LS, engineers minimize gaps in the door panel in half compared to Toyota brand, 7-4 mm 0 28-0 16, 146 with measurements in mm 0 0 01 00 039 in; 76 on the LS 430, the measuring margins have been increased by ten times, to 0001 mm3 9 10 5 to 76 148 When production switched to the LS 460, the number of laser welds 149 was doubled.
Despite large-scale automation of Tahara, production Lexus LS also requires specialized personnel who are charged with the key points of production, such as testing each V8 engine dynamometer and vehicle via a stethoscope for calibration before installation 102 150 with the LS 460, a sanded by hand painting process was introduced 102 production standards used on the Lexus LS were finally adopted by the manufacturer for other vehicles; in 2007, all the cars of the Toyota Corolla economy used the same measures of the panel gap as the LS 400 has eighteen years earlier 151.
LS 400 model sectional internal construction to conventional display Wroughton.
The Lexus LS has successfully marked the first participant of a Japanese manufacturer in the prestige luxury arena 44 a market that has long been dominated by European and American brands established in 1991, with the LS 400 as its model sold 152 Lexus overtook Mercedes-Benz and BMW in overall sales in the US, and 153 in 2000, the brand adopted Cadillac as the leader in luxury sales in the biggest auto market 154 Rival manufacturers have responded to lower prices and additional features 155 Mercedes-Benz, in particular, has reorganized its operations, shifting to a targeted cost process similar to the Lexus production methods 156 and dropped prices of basic competition from the United States of nearly 10 percent 157 to compete with the LS 400, 158 additional features were rushed to the launch of the Mercedes-Benz S-class W140 1991 156 159 causing dépasseme nts fiscal and labor costs of the Chief Engineer of Daimler-Benz, Wolfgang Peter 158 about 5 percent from 1989 LS 400 sales to buyers employed by rival manufacturers, including GM Ford and Chrysler 152 When the LS 400 was removed for technical analysis, Cadillac engineers have concluded that the vehicle could not be built using existing methods GM 160 industry publications noted the 400 LS shortcomings of specific panel, and the subject is become a common evaluation standard road tests 158 The interior noise level LS 430 was used later by his rival did as a measure of quiet cabin 161.
According to industry observers, the introduction of the redesigned Lexus LS Toyota's image from that of a manufacturer to manufacturer econobox an automobile standard bearer 162 163 This was contrary to the predictions of early detractors, including rival manufacturers who rejected Toyota incapable of producing a competitive luxury vehicle 163 contemporary Japanese luxury division of Honda Acura and Nissan Infiniti was successful 164 degrees Honda has entered into a joint venture with British Austin Rover group in November 1981, the project launched XX XX with Austin Rover Honda letter of intent to replace the Rover SD1 with the Rover 800 and provide a medium sized Honda luxury V6 sedan, called Honda Legend 165 marketed as Acura Legend in the United States the first sedan sold well, but the following models renowned Acura RL performed below expectations of sales 166 167 launched by Nissan December 1989 Infiniti Q45 in riv V8 Aled near the LS 400 in specifications and price, 168 but without success in sales attributed to an unconventional style and marketing, leading to his arrest in 2006 169 Successful the Lexus LS has become a test for traditional manufacturers targeting the high-end segments by investing in a separate brand, Toyota was able to avoid the stigma of a charging brand price premium of setting mass market 170 the effect of the LS 400 on the auto industry led automotive Magazine sedan add to its 24 most important vehicles in the list of the 20th century 171 1996.
In its biggest market, the United States was the Lexus LS luxury sedan best-selling beacon for 15 of the 17 first years after its inception 103 172 In Japan, the next biggest market for Lexus LS, the introduction of LS 460 2007 attracted 12,000 pre-orders, 82 and the Lexus LS continued to sell successfully in its class 173 after the introduction of the Lexus LS 460 and expanded global launch in 2007, 174 sales of the Lexus flagship has more increasingly come from outside the brand traditional strongholds of the United States in 2007, the Lexus LS ranked second worldwide sales of the flagship, next S-Class Mercedes-Benz 85.500 units, with 71.760 Lexus LS sedans sold worldwide, 175 and more than half of the total coming from outside the US market 176 2008, sales in the US fell 42 amid the recession late 2000s reflecting the overall decline in car market luxury 177.
The Lexus LS has not sold as well in Europe, where Lexus suffers a little brand recognition, image and a less developed dealer network 178 in European markets, the Lexus LS ranked behind Jaguar Mercedes-Benz, Audi and BMW sales of luxury cars headlights 179 auto analysts have suggested a possible justification for the disparity in sales, in that European buyers less importance to the reliability of the vehicles and have more loyalty national brand Marqués 178 established by contrast, the Lexus LS has ranked second in sales at Mercedes-Benz S-Class and BMW ahead of its rivals, Audi and Jaguar in markets outside Europe, such as South Africa 180.
Notable examples of prices received by the Lexus LS include 2007 World Car of the Year Car of the Year 1991 Canadian Car of the Year 213 Wheels Car of the Year and Top Gear 214 of the year's 215 Limousine Lexus LS was the highest- rated luxury car in automotive magazine, car and Driver 216 217 218 219 220 Consumer Reports world fleet MotorWeek 221 and 222 long-term JD Power vehicle dependability study, the Lexus LS was the car the most reliable for fifteen consecutive years, 223 224 225 the most for any manufacturer, 226,227,228 and Consumer Reports rated the sedan as the most reliable vehicle tested 229 230 231 232 security prices include Auto Bild innovation award 2007 for pre-collision system LS 460, 233 consecutive ranked first place in the safety car What Supertest, 234 235 and Kiplinger's best in security for cars 40.0 00 and over 236 are technical distinctions of Ward's 10 Best Engines 238 and 237 s Best audio system in cars more than 30,000 239.
In mainstream publications in the United States, the Lexus flagship is recognized as one of the most reliable vehicles ever built, having held first place in the JD Power and Associates Vehicle Dependability Survey of the United States for fifteen consecutive years in 1994 2009, again in 2012, 240 in third place in 2013, 241 in 2014 and again in the top 242.
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